So, how could we check if two strings are Anagrams in Elixir? The easiest solution is to just sort the graphemes of each string alphabetically and then check if both the lists are equal. If we re-arrange the characters on String A, we can get the string B, and vice versa. Let’s walk through a simple exercise to demonstrate we are ready to go with Strings!Ī and B are considered anagrams if there’s a way to rearrange A or B making them equal. Returns a list of strings split by a pattern. duplicate ( "Oh my ", 3 ) "Oh my Oh my Oh my " Returns a new string replacing a current pattern in the string with some new replacement string. Returns the number of Graphemes in the string. To see a complete set of functions visit the official String docs. This lesson will only cover a subset of the available functions. Let’s review some of the most important and useful functions of the String module. Let’s look at an example: iex> string = " a ́ " "á" iex> String. The String module already provides two functions to obtain them, graphemes/1 and codepoints/1. Graphemes consist of multiple codepoints that are rendered as a single character. The charlist support is mainly included because it is required for some Erlang modules.įor further information, see the official Getting Started Guide.Ĭodepoints are just simple Unicode characters which are represented by one or more bytes, depending on the UTF-8 encoding.Ĭharacters outside of the US ASCII character set will always encode as more than one byte.įor example, Latin characters with a tilde or accents ( á, ñ, è) are typically encoded as two bytes.Ĭharacters from Asian languages are often encoded as three or four bytes. When programming in Elixir, we usually use strings, not charlists. This allows you to use the notation ?Z rather than ‘Z’ for a symbol. You can get a character’s code point by using ? iex> ?Z 90 Let’s dig in: iex> 'hełło' iex> "hełło" >ģ22 is the Unicode codepoint for ł but it is encoded in UTF-8 as the two bytes 197, 130. What’s the difference? Each value in a charlist is the Unicode code point of a character whereas in a binary, the codepoints are encoded as UTF-8. Internally, Elixir strings are represented with a sequence of bytes rather than an array of characters.Įlixir also has a char list type (character list).Įlixir strings are enclosed with double quotes, while char lists are enclosed with single quotes. NOTE: Using > syntax we are saying to the compiler that the elements inside those symbols are bytes. This trick can help us view the underlying bytes of any string. Let’s look at an example: iex> string = > "hello" iex> string >īy concatenating the string with the byte 0, IEx displays the string as a binary because it is not a valid string anymore. In this example, each character of the input string is represented by the decimal number of its Unicode Codepoint, for example the H (Unicode U+0072) by 72.Elixir strings are nothing but a sequence of bytes. Remark: The »Unicode Codespace« which can be used for the definition of codepoints includes the integer range from 0 to 10FFFF (hexadecimal), which means 0 to 1.114.111 (decimal).Įxample – application on an input string: For example, the Å character is representable by the codepoint 0197 (»latin capital letter a with ring above«) or the codepoint 8491 (»angstrom sign«). Therefore, the conversion does not necessarily have to be unique. If the input string is the empty string, the function returns the empty sequence.Ī possible problem results from the Unicode specification which, under certain circumstances, assigns several different codepoints (or a sequence of codepoints) to identical abstract characters. It returns a sequence of integer values each of which corresponds to a Unicode Codepoint and which represent the individual characters of which the input string consists of. The fn:string-to-codepoints() function is the counterpart of the fn:codepoints-to-string() function. A xs:string string whose characters shall be converted to a sequence of Unicode Codepoint values. (Excerpt from “ XSLT 2.0 & XPath 2.0” by Frank Bongers, chapter 5, translated from German)Ī | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z fn:string-to-codepoints Category:Ī sequence of xs:integer integers the Unicode Codepoint values which represent the characters of the input string.įn:string-to-codepoints($inputString) $inputString: XSLT and XPath function reference in alphabetical order
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